事半功倍学英语(转载）

红色企鹅

<TABLE width="100%" bgColor=#f5eedf><TR><TD>
<DIV align=center><TABLE cellSpacing=1 width="95%"><TR><TD class=p2><NOBR><PRE>事半功倍学英语(之四)</PRE></NOBR></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE><P>如何事半功倍地学习英语？答案是：把学习词根、词缀与学习单词结合起来，把学习词汇与
研究句子结合起来，把学习句子与研究篇章结合起来。这样搞精通了，听、说、读、写、译
也就有很好的基础了。所以，严谨的词汇书历来很讲究例句。因为有的句子看似简单，其实
有“玄机”在里面。例如：
</P><P>All your moods are created by your thoughts, or “cognitions”. “You feel the w
ay you do right now because of the thoughts you have at this moment.” (Reader’
s Digest, January, 1981)
有人把“You feel the way you do right now because of the thoughts you have at th
is moment.”翻译成“你觉得你这样做是对的，因为你此刻是这样想的。”

《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》(上海远东出版社，2003) 的编著者李蒙恩在1982年第9期《科
技英语学习》“英译汉实例分析”(《科技英语学习》由上海交通大学科技英语中心编辑出版
)中这样分析：

句中的do是代动词(pro-verb)，代替前面的动词feel，以避免重复，而不是实义动词“做”
；right now是词组，意为“就在现在”，right是副词，起强调作用，而不是“对”的意思
。the way在这句中相当于in the way，意为“以……的方式”，与从句you do right now一
起作状语，修饰动词feel。
译文：你的所有情绪都是由你的思想或“认识”产生的。“你此时此刻之所以有这样的感觉
，是出于你此时此刻的想法。”  
</P>

红色企鹅

<P>GRE难句——与众不同的解释

下面介绍一句GRE经典难句，与诸位读者共同分享探讨。句子的解释出自《中高级英语考试词
汇捷径》(上海远东出版社)编著者、上海前进进修学院GRE班教师李蒙恩。(前进GRE暑期班于
7月12日开课)
</P><P>2. These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will ine
vitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested
inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fo
rtunes of many women scholars－only now entering the academic profession in subs
tantial numbers－will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive c
ontribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might be an importa
nt influence against sexism in our society. (1992年2月GRE)

【注释】at stake － Depending, like a bet, on the outcome of something uncertain
; in a position to be lost or gained (A Dictionary of American Idioms, p.23)
and with them的and是并列信号，them指the careers and professional fortunes of wom
en，并非指women。
省略成分(见括弧)：and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to hu
manistic understanding (will be at stake)
类似句子： As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole
of American cinema. (GR 92-2 SECTION 4)
注释： them指his ambitions，the whole of American cinema后面省略grew.
译文： 伴随着他的不断成功，他的雄心有增无减，而整个美国电影事业也随之不断发展。
【译文】这些问题从下述意义而言是政治性的：关于这些问题的争论必然不大会是以客观探
究的精神对抽象事物的探索，更多的倒是一场学术权力之争，在这场学术权力之争中，许多
女学者(只是现在才大量进入学术专业领域)的事业和专业命运将得失攸关，对人文理解作出
特殊贡献的机会也将随之有失去之虞，而此种贡献对反对我们社会中的性别歧视可能会有重
大影响。

【题目】 It can be inferred that the author believes which of the following abou
t women who are literary critics?
(A) I only (I. They can make a unique contribution to society.)
can在此处表示‘theoretical possibility’

It can be inferred that the author would define as “political” (line 30) quest
ions
that
(A) are contested largely through contentions over power.  

</P>

红色企鹅

<P>事半功倍学英语(之三)
</P><P>应用联想与比较的方法，利用英语词汇在形、义、音之间的内在联系，附以简短高级的释义
和精彩新颖的例证，帮助读者节省时间以收事半功倍之效，这是荟萃20余本世界一流英语原
版辞书精华的《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》的特色。(本书编著者在上世纪80年代就开始在上
海前进进修学院执教GRE)
《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》上海远东出版社, 网上订购: <a href="http://www.ydbook.com/" target="_blank" ><U>http://www.ydbook.com</U></A>
(上海外文书店、上海书城、上海书城淮海店、思考乐等全国各大书店有售)
本书对英语写作、中高级口译、英语阅读等均颇有助益。
</P><P>以下例证摘录自《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》
1. uncanny adj. strange; mysterious 奇怪的；神秘的 You have the uncanny knack of
reading my innermost thoughts. 你能明了我内心深处的想法，这种本事真是不可思议。

canny adj. shrewd; thrifty 精明的；节俭的 The canny Scotsman was more than a mat
ch for the swindlers. 苏格兰人精明而谨慎，对付那些骗子是绰绰有余。

2. unearth v. to dig up (从地下)发掘，掘出 When they unearthed the city, the arc
heologists found many relics of an ancient civilization. 考古学家发掘该城时，发现
许多古代文明的遗物。

earthy adj. unrefined; coarse 不优雅的；粗俗的 His earthy remarks often embarras
sed the women in his audience. 他的那些粗俗话常使女听众感到尴尬。

unearthly adj. not earthly; weird 非尘世的；怪异的 There is an unearthly atmosph
ere
in her work which amazes the casual observer. 她作品中的怪异气氛使偶尔看她作品的
人很为惊奇。

3. unfaltering adj. steadfast 稳定的；坚定的 She approached the guillotine with
unfaltering steps. 她稳步走向断头台。

falter v. to hesitate 犹豫 When told to dive off the high board, she did not fal
ter, but
proceeded at once. 要她高台跳水时，她并不犹豫，而是立刻进行。

4. unfledged adj. immature 尚未成熟的 It is hard for an unfledged writer to find
a sympathetic publisher. 初出茅庐的作家要找到投缘的出版商很不容易。

fledge v. to grow the feathers necessary for flying (小鸟)长飞羽

fledgling adj. inexperienced 无经验的 While it is necessary to provide these fle
dgling
poets with an opportunity to present their work, it is not essential that we adm
ire everything
they write. 给这些初出茅庐的诗人提供机会发表其作品是必要的，但我们无须对他们所写
的所有作品都大加赞赏。

fledgling n. (1) a young bird 刚长羽毛的小鸟 (2) a young, inexperienced person 无
经验的(年轻)人

5. unimpeachable adj. blameless and exemplary 无可指责的；完美无缺的 Her conduct
in office was unimpeachable and her record is spotless. 她在任期内的所作所为无可
指责，她的履历没有污点。

impeach v. to charge with crime in office; indict 弹劾；控告 The angry congressm
an wanted to impeach the President for his misdeeds. 那位愤怒的议员因总统行为不端
而要弹劾总统。

6. unmitigated adj. unrelieved or immoderate; absolute 未缓和的；非适度的；绝对的
；十足的 After four days of unmitigated heat, I was ready to collapse from heat
prostration. 4天持续不减的高温之后，我因中暑衰竭而快要倒下了。 The congresswoman
’s husband was an unmitigated jerk: not only did he abandon her, but also he to
ok her campaign funds! 那个国会女议员的丈夫是一个十足的卑鄙小人：他不仅抛弃了她，
而且把她的竞选专款也拿走了！

mitigate v. to appease; moderate 平息；使缓和 Nothing Jason did could mitigate M
edea’s anger; she refused to forgive him for betraying her. 贾森所做的一切都不能
平息美狄亚的怒气；她绝不原谅他对她的不忠。 (希腊神话中Medea曾帮助Jason取得金羊毛
，并与他私奔；后被遗弃，愤而杀死亲生女儿——译注)

7. unravel v. to disentangle; solve 解开；解决 With equal ease Miss Marple unrav
eled tangled balls of yarn and baffling murder mysteries. 马泊尔小姐对解开乱线团
和令人困惑的谋杀案谜是同样地得心应手。

ravel v. to fall apart into tangles; unravel or untwist; entangle 绽线；解开；使
纠缠 A
single thread pulled loose, and the entire scarf started to ravel. 只要一根线被扯
松了，那么整条围巾也就开始散线了。.

8. unsavory adj. distasteful; morally offensive 味道不佳的；(品德上)令人讨厌的；
可憎恶的 People with unsavory reputations should not be allowed to work with chi
ldren. 不能允许声名狼藉的人做与儿童打交道的工作。

savor v. to enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality 欣赏；具有特殊的
味道(或气
味、性质等) Relishing triumph, Costner especially savored the chagrin of the cri
tics who
had predicted his failure. 科斯特纳在品味胜利的喜悦之时，对那些预言他失败的批评家
的懊恼尤其感到愉快。 I think your choice of a successor savors of favoritism. 我
认为你对继承人的选择有偏袒之嫌。

savory adj. tasty; pleasing, attractive, or agreeable 美味的，可口的；令人愉快的
，有吸
引力的，可喜的 Julia Child’s recipes enable amateur chefs to create savory deli
cacies for their guests. 朱莉娅·蔡尔德的烹饪法使业余厨师得以为客人做出美味佳肴。
  
</P>

红色企鹅

<P>一句释多义” 的句子
</P>
<P>用词地道，造句漂亮，文理通顺，是我们说英语、写英语、搞口译所追求的目标，这涉及很
多方面，其中掌握英语词汇的多义性可说是一个难点。《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》(上海远
东出版社出版)中收录了不少译自世界一流英语权威辞书的“一句释多义”的句子，为读者事
半功倍地掌握英语开辟了崭新的途径。
</P>
<P>1. acute adj. quickly perceptive; keen; brief and severe (思想或感官) 敏锐的；灵
敏的；(疾病)急性的 The acute young doctor realized immediately that the gradual
deterioration of her patient’s once-acute hearing was due to a chronic illness,
not an acute one. 那位敏锐的年轻医生立刻意识到，病人一度灵敏的听觉逐渐衰退，是由
一场慢性而并非急性的疾病造成的。 </P>
<P>2. appease v. to pacify or soothe; relieve 平息；抚慰；缓解 Tom and Jody tried t
o appease the crying baby by offering him one toy after another. However, he wou
ld not calm down until they had appeased his hunger by giving him a bottle. 汤姆
和乔迪给哭吵的婴孩一个又一个玩具，试图抚慰他。然而，直到他们给了他一瓶牛奶缓解了
他的饥饿之后他才平静下来。 appeasement n.

3. assuage v. to ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger) 缓和，减
轻(痛苦)；充(饥)；平息(愤怒) Jilted by Jane, Dick tried to assuage his heartache
by indulging in ice cream. One gallon later, he had assuaged his appetite but n
ot his grief. 迪克被简抛弃后，试图以大吃冰淇淋来抚慰心痛。吃了一加仑后，他满足了
胃口但并没有缓和悲伤的情绪。assuagement n.

4. betray v. to be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly) 背叛；(无意
地或不情愿地)暴露；显露 The spy betrayed his country by selling military secrets
to the enemy. When he was taken in for questioning, the tightness of his lips b
etrayed his fear of incriminating himself. 间谍把军事机密出卖给敌方而背叛了祖国。
当他被拘留审问时，他紧闭双唇，无意中暴露了他害怕显示自己有罪的心理。 </P>
<P>

5. chisel v. to swindle or cheat; cut with a chisel 欺骗；诈骗；凿，雕，刻 The c
rook chiseled me out of a hundred dollars when he sold me that “marble” statue
he’d chiseled out of some cheap hunk of rock. 骗子把他用劣质石块凿成的那尊“大
理石”塑像卖给我，骗取了我100美元。

6. compromise v. to adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the
interests or reputation of 通过互让解决(争执、分歧等)；妥协；危及(利益)，有损(名
誉) Sometimes the presence of a neutral third party can help adversaries comprom
ise their differences. Unfortunately, you’re not neutral. Therefore, your prese
nce here compromises our chances of reaching an agreement. 有时，中立的第三方的出
现可帮助敌对的两方通过互让解决分歧。不幸的是，你不是中立的。因此，你的在场会危及
我们达成协议的机会。

7. indifferent adj. unmoved or unconcerned by; mediocre 冷淡的；不感兴趣的；平庸
的 Because Ann felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to Carl’s constant
proposals. Not only was she indifferent to him personally, but she felt that, gi
ven his general inanity, he would make an indifferent husband. 因为安不想结婚，所
以她对卡尔一个劲儿的求婚不感兴趣。她不仅对他这个人冷淡，而且以为，他那副木讷的模
样，将来准是个平庸的丈夫。

8. illuminate v. to brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten 照亮；阐
明；启迪 Just as a lamp can illuminate a dark room, a perceptive comment can ill
uminate a knotty problem. 正如灯能照亮黑暗的房间，具有真知卓见的评论亦能阐明棘手
的问题。

9. reconcile v. to correct inconsistencies; make friendly after quarrel 【会计】
调节，核对，核查；使和解，使和好 Every time we try to reconcile our checkbook w
ith the bank statement,
we quarrel. However, despite these monthly lovers’ quarrels, we always manage t
o reconcile. 我们每次按银行结帐单核对支票簿时总发生争吵。然而，尽管有这些每月发生
的爱人间
的争吵，我们总能言归于好。

10. vital adj. vibrant and lively; critical; living, breathing 生气勃勃的；关键性
的；有生命的，呼吸着的 The vital, highly energetic first aid instructor stressed
that it was vital in examining accident victims to note their vital signs. 那位
生气勃勃精力旺盛的急救指导强调：在检查事故受害者时注意他们的生命体征是至关重要的
。  
</P>

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-30 16:17:23编辑过]

绕着剑的风

<P>把学习词根、词缀与学习单词结合起来，把学习词汇与
研究句子结合起来，把学习句子与研究篇章结合起来。</P><P>i agree!!! so i always use the way the recite words...and i invent some words that i dunno how to express..like trans-post, 转贴</P>

红色企鹅

<P>Ｔｈａｔｓ　ｇｏｏｄ，　ａｓ　ｌｏｎｇ　ａｓ　ｐｐｌ　ｃａｎ　ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ．．．</P>

绕着剑的风

haha...but ppl like to invent some ridiculous sentences as a game...like the some name-calling words: one slap to fry you die..我们广东话是一巴掌煎死你.

红色企鹅

<DIV class=quote><B>以下是引用<I>绕着剑的风</I>在2004-9-1 2:19:14的发言：</B>
haha...but ppl like to invent some ridiculous sentences as a game...like the some name-calling words: one slap to fry you die..我们广东话是一巴掌煎死你.</DIV>
<P>ｆａｉｎｔｅｄ．．．</P>